Monday, December 15, 2014

English Christmas, tradycje bożonarodzeniowe w Wielkiej Brytanii

10 dni, dokładnie tyle pozostało do Świąt Bożego Narodzenia, a dokładniej mówiąc do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Czy wiecie, jak świętują brytyjczycy? Jak wyglądają ich tradycyjne bożonarodzeniowe potrawy? Dzisiaj postaramy się przybliżyć Wam nieco tradycje Bożego Narodzenia w Wielkiej Brytanii. Zapraszamy do lektury, a w tekście jak zwykle nie zabraknie nowej porcji słówek związanych z tą tematyką:) 



Zaczniemy od różnic, bowiem jest ich znacznie więcej niż cech wspólnych. 24 czy 25 grudnia? Czy wiecie, który z tych dni jest dniem ważniejszym w tradycji brytyjskiej? 24 grudnia gdy Polacy zasiadają do wigilijnego stołu, w tym samym czasie w Anglii nie dzieje się nic specjalnego. Brytyjczycy spotykają się w pubach na przedświątecznym drinku. A co w takim razie z prezentami i Świętym Mikołajem? Na Wyspach nie ma zwyczaju wręczania prezentów przez Świętego Mikołaja, wchodzi on potajemnie w nocy przez komin, a prezenty zostawia w specjalnie przygotowanych skarpetach wiszących nad kominkiem (christmas stockings). Prezenty pozostawione przez Świętego Mikołaja są otwierane rankiem, a ich rozpakowywanie jest niezwykle celebrowaną tradycją i trwa niemalże cały dzień. 

Indyk zamiast karpia. Nadziewany Indyk to tradycyjne angielskie danie świąteczne, a co ze słodkościami i deserami? Makowiec, sernik czy kutia? W Anglii mamy 3 typowo świąteczne słodkości: christmas cake, christmas pudding i mince pies...


Christmas cake to mocno nasączone ciasto z bakaliami, polane marcepanem, przygotowuje się je ponad dwa miesiące przed Bożym Narodzeniem. Chistmas pudding, to tradycyjny pudding angielski przygotowywany z brandy.Z kolei mini pieces to małe babeczki wypełnione nadzieniem bakaliowym. A teraz jedna z najważniejszych różnic pomiędzy tradycją polską a angielską - christmas crackers zamiast opłatka. 


                     To niespodzianka zawinięta w formie cukierka :) 
Ale nie cała tradycja obchodzenia Świąt Bożego Narodzenia w Anglii. Już wkrótce, w kolejnym poście opowiemy Wam parę słów o Boxing Day... :)

Sunday, December 7, 2014

Mikołajki, tradycja czy wytwór kultury masowej?

6 grudnia, potocznie Mikołajki, to dzień, w którym czcimy Świętego Mikołaja, aczkolwiek  kto z nas pamięta kim tak naprawdę był ów siwy, brodaty człowiek w czerwonym przebraniu zwany Świętym Mikołajem? 


Komercjalizacja sprawiła, że  Mikołajki kojarzone są z kupowaniem oraz obdarowywaniem prezentami najbliższych, zwłaszcza dzieci. Dzisiaj chcielibyśmy przedstawić Wam postać Świętego Mikołaja trochę w innym świetle i uchylić rąbka tajemnicy związanej z jego obecnością. Ale nie martwcie się, nie zanudzimy Wam zbytnio, a w tekście będzie mogli znaleźć także słownictwo związane z tą tematyką w języku angielskim :)
Postać Mikołaja, jako świętego była czczona w chrześcijaństwie już od IX wieku. Geneza obchodów samego święta i zwyczaj wręczania prezentów wiąże się z życiem samego świętego. Podzielimy się z Wami legendą spisaną w IX wieku w Konstantynopolu. Wedle tej legendy Mikołaj miał chciwego i bogatego sąsiada , który naigrywał się z pobożnego życia Mikołaja. Pewnego dnia sąsiad stracił cały swój majątek, by się utrzymać sprzedał swoje trzy córki do domu publicznego. Jako, że nie posiadały one żadnego posagu, nikt nie chciał ich poślubić, Legenda głosi, że Święty Mikołaj, by ratować córki niegodziwego sąsiada wrzucał co noc pieniądze do domu publicznego tak by każda z nich mogła zostać poślubiona. Ojciec odkrywszy darczyńcę i wybawiciela swych córek, podziękowawszy Mikołajowi zmienił swe życie i od tej pory wiódł je zgodnie z przykazaniami.


Obecny zwyczaj obdarowywania prezentami najbliższych swoje korzenie ma w XV wieku. Wzmianki o tym możemy spotkać zarówno w dokumentach polskich, jak i czeskich, austriackich, czy holenderskich. Wieczorem 5 grudnia, Mikołaj obdarowywał drobnymi prezentami grzeczne dzieci, a niegrzeczne uderzał pastorałem. Wśród prezentów były małe podarki, słodkości, suszone owoce, orzechy, daktyle. 

A Wy jak świętujecie ten Dzień? Dla Was to kolejne komercyjne święto, które napędza machinę sprzedaży czy tradycja obdarowywania, kojarząca się z dzieciństwem?

PORCJA SŁÓWEK:
Święty Mikołaj - Santa Claus
Tradycja - tradition
Mikołajki - Santa Claus Day
Prezenty- Gifts
Suszone owoce - dried fruits



Friday, October 31, 2014

Halloween - english vocabulary


Halloween (All Hallows Eve) is a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31st. Traditional activities include trick-or-treating, Halloween festivals, bonfires, costume parties, visiting "haunted houses", and watching scary movies. 
 
Halloween originated from a Pagan festival celebrated among the Celts of Ireland and Great Britain to indicate the end of the harvest season. The festival was a time used by the Gaelic culture to take stock of their supplies and to kill livestock in preparation for the long winter months. The Gaelic's believed that on October 31 the boundaries between the living and the dead overlapped and that the dead would come back to life to cause problems like sickness or to destroy the harvest.
Nowadays, the mention of Halloween is more associated children (and adults) getting dressed up in costumes. While it has always been a popular holiday in United States, Ireland, Scotland and Canada, it is now celebrated in many other countries around the world.

Color Associations

There are many colors and symbols that are associated with Halloween. Whilst black and orange are the traditional colors of Halloween, other colors are also now popular. Some of the more popular ones are:
  • Black = death, night, witches, black cats, bats, vampires
  • Orange = pumpkins, jack o'lanterns, Autumn, the turning leaves, fire
  • Purple = night, the supernatural, mysticism
  • Green = goblins, monsters, zombies, aliens, Frankenstein
  • White = ghosts, mummies, a full moon
  • Red = blood, fire, demons

Traditional Symbols of Halloween

The most traditional symbol of Halloween is the pumpkin which is usually carved out and lit with a candle and placed on the home's doorstep after dark. This carved pumpkin is sometimes called a Jack-o'-lantern. In Ireland and Scotland a turnip was normally carved instead of a pumpkin. 



Some things associated with Halloween are:
  • bats
  • black cats
  • crows
  • goblins
  • haunted houses
  • horror movies
  • owls
  • spiders
  • spider webs
Common Halloween costumes include:
  • devils - evil creatures
  • Frankenstein - made of different body parts
  • ghosts - translucent spirit
  • ghouls - similar to zombies
  • mummies - wrapped in bandages
  • skeletons - only bones
  • vampires - have fangs and like to drink blood
  • werewolves - turn into a wolf with a full moon
  • witches - have black hats and clothes
  • wizards - have magic wands
  • zombies - the walking dead

Trick or Treat

Trick or treat is the term used for children being dressed in costumes and going from house to house asking for candy. The children usually knock on the neighbor's door and say:
  • "Trick or Treat. Trick or Treat. Give me something good to eat!"
Trick is the supposed threat that something bad (or mischievous) will happen to the person if they do not receive a treat (a candy, sweets or something similar). Of course kids normally don't do anything bad. Parents often walk around the streets with their kids to make sure nothing bad happens.

Common Halloween Superstitions

When it's time for Halloween celebration, it is then that the people tend to become more superstitious. There are many superstitions and myths about Halloween and most of the people have a strong belief in them:
- Going in for dumb supper, meaning that nobody will talk while having supper, encourages the spirits of the dead to come to the table.
- It is believed that if an unmarried girl keeps a rosemary herb and a silver sixpence (coin) under her pillow on Halloween night, it is quite likely that on that very night, she would dream of her future husband.
- It is said that if you hear someone's footsteps behind you on Halloween night, you should not look back because it may be a dead person following you. And if you commit the mistake of looking back, it is likely that you might join the dead very soon.
- People believe that if on the Halloween night, a girl carrying a lamp in her hand goes to a spring of water, she will see the reflection of her life partner in the water.
- People have a superstition that if an unmarried girl carries a broken egg in a glass and takes it to a spring of water, she will be able to catch the glimpse of not just her future husband, by mixing some spring water in the glass, but also she can see the reflection of her future kids.
- There is the old saying that "black cats are bad luck". It was once believed that black cats were the devil, or consumed by evil spirits.
- People used to believe that Satan was a nut-gatherer. Nuts were also used as magic charms on the day of Halloween festival.
- If you put your clothes on inside out as well as outside walk backwards on Halloween night. At midnight you will see a witch in the sky flying on a broomstick. People used to believe witches were the devil, or that they were consumed by evil.
- There is also an old saying "if the flame on your candle goes out on Halloween celebration"; it gives you the meaning that you are with a ghost.
- If you ring a bell on Halloween it will frighten evil spirits away.
- Many people used to consider that owls would dive down to eat the souls of the dying on Halloween. They used to think if you pulled your pockets out, and left them hanging, they'd be safe.
- It has been said if a bat flies into your house on Halloween, it is a sign that ghosts or spirits are very near, and maybe they are in your home and let the bat in.
- People used to believe that if bats are out early on Halloween, and they fly around playfully, then good weather is to come.
- If a bat flies around your house three times on Halloween, death is very soon to come.
- To ward off evil spirits on Halloween, you can bury all the animal bones in your front yard, or even put a picture of an animal very close to your doorway.
- People used to believe you could walk around your house three times backward before sunset on Halloween, and that would take care of all evil.
- It could be the spirit of a dead loved one watching you if you see a spider on Halloween.

Thursday, June 26, 2014

Monday, June 23, 2014

Short revision of last week's Word of the Day - answers tomorrow


1. Alcoholics are people addicted to __________ .

2. Sexologists are specialists who deal with disorders connected to __________.

3. Dieticians tell us how to rationalize portions of __________ that we consume on daily basis.

4. Unwanted effects of __________ overdose are unpredictable and can be irreversible.

5. Parents need to be careful and protective as their children are prone to new addiction which is caused by the __________.

Wednesday, April 16, 2014

Fly Through Airport Security

The topic of our this week's "Słówko Dnia" is travel. Here's a quick vocabulary task that will also help you get through airport security without problems:

Wednesday, April 2, 2014

Vegetarians

Below is a short text about vegetarians. Read it and answer the true-or-false questions posted under the text.

A professor in the United States has angered long-time vegetarian Sir Paul McCartney by attacking parents who raise their children with a strict vegetarian diet. Professor Lindsay Allen of the University of California said children who are raised without eating meat or dairy products suffer mental and physical developmental problems. She said this includes unborn children, "There have been sufficient studies clearly showing that when women avoid all animal foods, their babies are born small, they grow very slowly and they are developmentally retarded, possibly permanently." She said it is "unethical" for parents not to give animal products to children. Sir Paul dismissed Professor Allen's findings as "rubbish", saying her research was funded by the American meat industry. He gives his own healthy children as an example of kids who grew up healthily on a non-meat diet. He continued, "Vegetarianism has been a good thing for me and my children, who are no shorter than other children." Ms Allen hit back, stating "Knowing Sir Paul is upset won't make me lose sleep. My work was done for the United States Agency for International Development, not a meat company." Her study showed how vegetarian children in Kenya greatly improved their physical and intellectual power after being given two spoons of meat a day. Perhaps a vegan diet is healthy. Perhaps a little meat or milk occasionally may be healthier. 



Source: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0502/23.veggie_kids.html

Introducing: Commonly Mispronounced Words

We started posting films on Youtube about typical pronunciation mistakes that Polish speakers of English make.

Here are our first two films:

Monday, March 24, 2014

Music Vocabulary

Our "Słówko Dnia" theme for last week was "Language for Musicians". A popular Youtuber -- TheNeedleDrop -- posts a new music album review a couple of times a week.

He's a good source of new music for me, as he recommends and reviews different genres of music. Here is his latest review of an album by a California-based producer: Tycho.

The review is full of interesting, music-related vocabulary. Here are some of the keywords:



  • a nerd
  • California-based
  • dying breath
  • chillwave
  • easy-going
  • an instrumental
  • pleasant
  • atmosphere
  • feel-good vibes
  • shimmering
  • gripping
  • offensive
  • to harsh a buzz
  • to set a mood
  • an LP
  • an EP
  • pastel
  • to look forward to sth
  • a change of pace
  • bedroom-producer
  • snappy 
  • crisp
  • twinkly guitars
  • instrumental grooves
  • warm basslines
  • post-rock
  • tangible
  • uneventful
  • synthesizer lead
  • progression
  • heavy beat
  • layered synthesizer
  • drum and bass breaks
  • to go on a limb
  • to turn up
  • grit
  • eccentricity
  • a full band

Tuesday, March 18, 2014

Amazon: Air Delivery

Jeff Bezos--the CEO and founder of Amazon--has come up with a brilliant plan to gain advantage over his competitors by implementing drone delivery. His Octocopters will deliver quickly and efficiently to the subscribers of the Amazon Prime program.

The possible advantages of this solution include:
  • gaining independence from delivery companies
  • taking advantage of impulse shoppers
  • further increasing market share
Here's a short video that presents his visionary idea:


Monday, March 17, 2014

How to Speed up Learning

In an emotional (and a little chaotic) presentation, Chris Lonsdale talks about how to learn a language quickly and efficiently.

Interestingly, many of those principles are a direct import from the communicative method of learning languages (more info here). But still he makes a good point:



Because his delivery is rather chaotic, here's the summary of his main points:

5 Principles:

  • Attention-Meaning-Relevance-Memory (make it relevant to you) 
  • Tools (use your language as a tool every day) 
  • Understand the message (focus on comprehension, not grammar) 
  • Physiology (hear the sounds, make the sounds) 
  • Be happy (because if you're not, you won't learn) 


7 Actions: 

  • Listen a lot (expose yourself to the language) 
  • Get the meaning first (use body language, context, guessing) 
  • Start Mixing (go out there and be creative) 
  • Focus on the core (focus on the most frequently used words) 
  • Get a Language Parent (someone who understands and communicates with you) 
  • Copy the face (pay attention to how people speak) 
  • Connect words to mental images (it's just more efficient)






Friday, March 7, 2014

7 Mar 2014: Women in Business

Tomorrow's Women's Day, so today we have a short reading/listening comprehension task about one of the most successful women in business: Marissa Mayer.

Here's a link to wikipedia article about Marissa.

Read the text below and listen to a film. Then, answer the questions.

Work From Home Ban
Marissa Mayer finally spoke out about the most controversial decision she's made so far since becoming Yahoo CEO last August: her ban on working from home. At a conference for human resources professionals in Los Angeles, Mayer said "people are more productive when they're alone, but they're more collaborative and innovative when they're together. Some of the best ideas come from pulling two different ideas together." According to Fortune's Christopher Tkaczyk, Mayer said Yahoo's new weather app was built by two engineers who work in an office together.

In February, Yahoo HR boss Jackie Reses sent out a memo banning employees working from home. Mayer decided on the ban after spending months frustrated at how empty Yahoo parking lots were and consulting Yahoo's VPN logs to see if remote employees were checking in enough. Inside Yahoo, some employees reacted to the ban negatively, but most agreed with it, recognizing that Yahoo's culture needs a change.

Outside of Yahoo the ban quickly became a national news story. Lots of people around the country and world work from home these days, and many of them – particularly mothers – seemed to view Mayer's ban as a threat on their way of working. As the story exploded, Mayer declined to react to it.


Now, answer the following 6 questions. When ready, click submit and check your anwers using the google link. Compare your answers with the correct answers using the "edit form" function:

Thursday, February 27, 2014

Here are the keywords from our yesterday's post:

  • to pony up = to pay / to cover expenses / to pitch in
  • milestone = a very important successful event
  • to desert = to abandon / to leave alone
  • to lose the plot = not be able to act normally
  • boom-and-bust = quick success and a quick failure
  • to show up = to arrive somwhere / to make oneself visible
And below three new vocabulary items in a quick quiz:


Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Reading Comprehension: Facebook buys WhatsApp

Last week Facebook spent 19 billion dollars to buy WhatsApp: a mobile communicator. 

Here is a short reading comprehension task on the topic


The article below is taken from theweek.com.




























Here. you can check your comprehension by answering 6 simple questions. 
Read the text and find the line where answers to the questions are.  After completing the task, you can check your answers. Additional keywords and materials coming soon!


Check our Facebook or Google+ to receive updates with additional self study materials.

Tuesday, February 18, 2014

Listening Comprehension: How to Ski Jump?

Here is a short video about ski jumpers: how they train, what superstitions they have...



And below: a short listening comprehension for you. Select the option you think is correct, and click submit. After clicking "submit" you'll see a link to the answers. Click "edit your response" to compare your answers with the key